1-1 「鸞」的由來

「鸞」是神的使者
　　鸞」是傳說中的神鳥。
　　又有一說，西王母的坐騎與使者，負責傳遞神明的訊息，因此扶鸞有傳遞神諭的意思。

鸞鳥向孔子傳達天意
　　據說，孔子見一隻鸞鳥，在沙地以尖嘴寫字，向孔子傳達天意，這是中國私人興學的開始。而後，孔子有所疑惑必請示鸞鳥，因鸞鳥無法常常降臨，所以孔子與學生以木筆代替鸞鳥，在沙盤寫字，這是扶鸞的開始。

 

The Phoenix’s Origin

Phoenix: Messenger of the Gods
　　The "luan" or phoenix is a sacred mythical bird.
　　Legend says the Queen Mother of the West's riding animals and envoys were responsible for transmitting the gods' messages. Spirit writing is a way to receive communications from the divine.

The Phoenix Conveyed God’s Will to Confucius

　　According to legend, Confucius saw a phoenix writing with its beak in the sand and conveying to him the will of God. This was the birth of private education in China. Later, when Confucius had doubts, he would request advice from the phoenix. Because the bird could not often descend to Earth, Confucius and his students would use a wooden pen as a substitute to write on a sand table and thereby originating spirit writing.

 


鸞鳥圖片示意圖。(繪圖：曾嫻禎)


孔子看見鸞鳥於沙地寫字示意圖。
(繪圖： 龔筠筑、曾嫻禎)

 


 

1-2 扶鸞是一種占卜

　　扶鸞，初始為占卜類型，後來成為讀書人遊藝活動，而後發展為讀書人文化傳承、宗教信仰和道德規範。

 

Spirit Writing as a Form of Divination

　　Initially, spirit writing was a form of divination, but later became a pursuit for intellectuals that eventually developed into a way to pass on culture, religious beliefs, and ethics.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1-3 扶鸞的器具

扶鸞的器具
　　扶鸞儀式是運用一Ｙ字型桃木和柳枝合成像鳥形狀的鸞筆，由鸞生執筆揮動寫字，傳達神的指示，稱為鸞文。

鸞筆
　　早期鸞堂，大都使用雙人操作的長鸞筆，現在多使用單人操作的短鸞筆，在操作上較便利。

桃枝柳筆
　　鸞堂認為桃、柳具有靈性，二木組合成桃枝柳筆。

鸞台運筆出字
　　鸞台多置於堂內左右兩邊，扶鸞時桌面鋪以細沙，運筆出字。

誦經請神
　　在扶鸞儀式進行時，要先誦讀一系列的經文
全體鸞生都要詠誦，直到神佛降壇才停止，正式進入扶鸞。

 

Tools of Spirit Writing

　　During the spirit writing ritual, a phoenix pen, a Y-shaped piece of peach wood and willow branch carved in the form of a bird, is used by a phoenix disciple to write out characters communicating God's directives, called phoenix text. 

Phoenix Pen
　　In most early phoenix halls, two people operated one long phoenix pen, while today spirit writing is generally performed by one person holding a smaller, less awkward phoenix pen.

Peach and Willow Pen
　　To phoenix halls, peach and willow are spiritual trees, so their wood is combined to produce the phoenix pen.

Writing on the Phoenix Altar
　　Phoenix altars are primarily located to both the left and right sides of the hall. During spirit writing, the altar is covered with fine sand and the pen is used to write. 

Summoning the Spirit
　　During the spirit writing ritual, participants first chant a series of scriptures.

　　The assembled phoenix disciples must all continue chanting until the deity's spirit descends into the hall, only then can spirit writing officially begin.



宜蘭冬山覺善堂鸞筆。
(圖片出處：吳宗明)

宜蘭冬山覺善堂鸞筆。(圖片出處：吳宗明)


旗津明心社修善堂-鸞筆。
(圖片出處：高雄意誠堂關帝廟)


大潭保安宮省修社天恩堂
(圖片出處：高雄意誠堂關帝廟)


屏東萬巒廣善堂。
(圖片出處：高雄意誠堂關帝廟)


天宮感化堂鸞筆
(圖片出處：高雄意誠堂關帝廟)


雲山玉玄宮鸞筆。
(圖片出處：高雄意誠堂關帝廟)


新北市萬里玉敕文武廟鸞筆。
(圖片出處：高雄意誠堂關帝廟)


宜蘭感應宮鸞台。(圖片出處：吳宗明)


指南宮鸞台。(圖片出處：吳宗明)


高雄東照山關帝廟扶鸞情形。
(圖片出處：高雄意誠堂關帝廟)
唸請神咒。
(圖片出處：埔里孔子廟育化堂)

 

 

 

 

1-4 鸞文

鸞文
　　扶鸞時必須有正鸞、副鸞各一人，唱鸞生二人、記錄二人、平沙生一人。正副鸞生運用桃枝柳筆在沙盤上揮動成字，唱鸞生唱出來，記錄生抄錄成為文章，並對該訊息作出解釋。
　　扶鸞得到文字，都是古典的詩詞文章，聲稱那些訊息由神靈發出。

扶鸞程序
　　鸞堂的主神稱為恩主，門生通常用三獻禮向恩主表達敬意。
(1)扶鸞儀式
1.鸞生排列靜候神的降臨。
2.朗誦經文，接著獻香、獻茶、獻菓。
3.扶鸞。
4.送神返回。

 

Phoenix Text

　　The texts received through spirit writing are all classic poetry, which is claimed to come directly from the gods.  

The Spirit Writing Process
　　The main god of the phoenix hall is called the benefactor. Disciples generally present the three consecrations to pay respects to the benefactor.  
(1)Spirit writing ritual
1. Phoenix disciples line up quietly waiting for the god to descend.
2. Chant scriptures, then offer incense, tea, and fruit.
3.Perform spirit writing
4. Send the deity back.


指南宮鸞文之一。(圖片出處：吳宗明)


指南宮鸞文之二。(圖片出處：吳宗明)


《台灣本島人の宗教》書中〈鸞堂と柳乩〉照片顯示文人扶鸞圖像。
(圖片出處：國立台灣大學圖書館)

 

 


扶鸞基本器具：鸞筆、沙盤、沙。
(圖片出處：高雄意誠堂關帝廟)
Basic tools of spirit writing: phoenix pen, sand table, sand.


扶鸞之時嚴禁喧嘩，因此會擺設禁制牌以提醒之，圖為台南豁落院仁慈堂禁制牌。
(圖片出處：吳宗明)
During spirit writing, noise is strictly forbidden


喚醒堂禁制牌。(圖片出處：吳宗明)


金瓜石勸濟堂鸞筆。
(圖片出處：吳宗明)


宜蘭冬山覺善堂鸞筆。
(圖片出處：吳宗明)
指南宮長鸞筆。(圖片出處：吳宗明)


鳳山文衡殿誠心社明善堂
(圖片出處：高雄意誠堂關帝廟)


南投藍田書院鸞筆
(圖片出處：高雄意誠堂關帝廟)


高雄意誠堂關帝廟扶鸞鸞筆。
(圖片出處：高雄意誠堂關帝廟)

 


「鸞筆製作過程」示意圖。
(繪圖：黃彥智)
Phoenix pen production diagram.


a.尋找向東桃木與柳枝。

  Find east-facing peach and willow branches


b.由神明指示取材時間，並於現場祭祀，待日出東陽照射枝頭時動斧。

  Gather materials at times as instructed by the gods


c.桃木取回後雕成鸞形，嘴部再銜接柳枝一截，即成鸞筆。

  Carve the peach wood into a phoenix shape

 


高雄東照山關帝廟-扶鸞器具。
(圖片出處：高雄意誠堂關帝廟)
扶鸞請神念咒。
(圖片出處：高雄意誠堂關帝廟)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


排班候駕
(圖片出處：吳宗明)
請誥(誦經)
(圖片出處：吳宗明)
 Chanting scripture.

獻香、獻茶、獻菓
(圖片出處：吳宗明)

接駕(圖片出處：吳宗明)

扶鸞
(圖片出處：高雄意誠堂關帝廟)

退壇送駕(圖片出處：吳宗明)

鸞文(圖片出處：吳宗明)