3-1 以儒為宗

以儒為宗
  清代民間的教育機構是書房,多供奉有恩主,恩主最初之意思,應是恩師,又自稱「儒宗神教」,以儒為宗,具有濃厚儒教的特色。

禮門義路
  鸞堂規模雖小,但仍仿效孔廟,設有禮門、義路。取孟子:「夫義,路也;禮,門也。惟君子能由是路,出入是門也。」來期勉學生。

  During the Qing Dynasty, educational institutions were called Studies. Most Studies gave offerings to a benefactor.  Originally, benefactor referred to a teacher. Phoenix halls proclaim to follow Religious Confucianism, which is rooted in Confucian philosophy and features strong Confucian characteristics.

Gate of Rites, Path of Righteousness
  Although Phoenix Halls are small in scale, they still emulate a Confucian temple by including the Gate of Rites and Path of Righteousness.

全台首學-台南孔廟禮門。
(圖片出處:天地展覽設計有限公司)

 


桃園明倫宮供俸的恩主。
(圖片出處:桃園明倫三聖宮)
Offerings to the benefactor at Taoyuan’s Minglun Temple.


慶安堂正面。
(圖片出處:慶安堂)
Qingan Hall


頭城慶安堂禮門義路(出處:慶安堂)


 

台北市孔廟禮門、義路鳥瞰圖。 (圖片出處:台北市孔廟管理委員會)

 

 


 

3-2 恩主崇拜

  一般鸞堂以三恩主或五恩主為主神,學者李亦園稱為「恩主公崇拜叢」。
  鸞堂以儒為宗,孔子曾說:「始作俑者,其無後乎」,所以孔廟不立神像,僅供牌位,鸞堂初期也僅有牌位,神像的出現為日治初期。

 

Worshipping the Benefactor

  Phoenix halls follow Confucianism as a religion. Confucius once said, "Cursed are those who first buried wooden idols of the dead, " so Confucian temples feature spirit tablets in place of statues or other likenesses. Initially, phoenix halls also only had spirit tablets, but idols appeared during the period of Japanese rule.

 

 

 

 


孔子牌位。(圖片出處:三芝智成堂文武聖廟)

 

3-3 詩社

  鸞堂是文人結合的團體,他們紛紛成立詩社。臺北瀛社、臺中櫟社、臺南南社被稱為臺灣三大詩社,宜蘭也有登瀛吟社、仰山吟社、文光社、蘭社、東明吟社等十餘詩社出現。昭和5年(1930)頭城喚醒堂盧纘祥創辦《詩報》,發行時間長達15年,稿源來自全臺,集傳統文學作品於一爐,為日治時期臺灣傳統文學的延續、推展、保存,居功至偉。

 

Poetry Societies

  Phoenix Halls were made up of groups of intellectuals and many also established poetry societies.

  They had the utmost influence on the continuation, promotion, and preservation of traditional literature in Taiwan during the Japanese occupation.


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3-4:崇聖敬字

  鸞堂以儒教自居,對傳統儒家文化發揚與保存不遺餘力;大正6年(1917)鸞堂活耀人士顏雲年等人組織崇聖會,發行《崇聖道德報》、《孔教報》等刊物,提倡儒家傳統道德。
  讀書人認為文字是神聖和崇高的,不能隨意褻瀆,片紙隻字不可落地,必須收拾聖蹟,誠心敬意地燒燬。
    有此淵源,鸞堂多設有聖蹟亭或敬字亭,在慶典時迎送聖蹟。頭城地區以往的迎送聖蹟,由喚醒堂、慶安堂、慶元宮輪流主辦。
  高雄美濃廣善堂至今還保有迎聖蹟及送聖蹟的儀式,鸞生蒐集字紙聖蹟,集中焚燒,然後送至河邊放流。

 

Worship the Holy, Venerate Words

  Scholars feel that literature is sacred and sublime, and must be treated as such. Papers containing written words must not touch the floor and should be disposed only by respectful incineration.

   

  Therefore, most phoenix halls have an incineration pavilion where paper can be burned during ceremonies.

 


廣善堂志工將收集來的廢字紙,恭送至敬字亭火化。(圖片出處:蘇福男攝)

 

 

 

3-5:聖樂

  聖樂是仿祭孔的雅樂而來,主要用於恩主誕辰時奏樂,或是宣講聖諭時串場用,也有別稱十三音或十三腔,因為合樂演奏時,採用胡琴等十三種樂器而得名,是屬南管郎君唱系統。
  宜蘭在清光緒初年,就有郎君唱,被列為仰山書院樂班,入會者須身家清白,秀才以上。
  聖樂另有十全腔,最早出現於高雄, 1927年由陳中和聘請台南孔廟「以成社」藝師傳承,多在民間宗教場域中擔任鸞堂祭儀的排班奏樂。目前,高雄市60個演奏「十全腔」樂團中,以李添貴最為有名,李氏師承蔡清景藝師學習「十全腔」,為第一代「聖樂生」,學成後展開演奏與教學工作。1993年李添貴先生榮獲教育部薪傳獎,成立「李添貴薪傳樂團」,2004年再轉化為「台灣十全腔聖樂團」,在高雄地區推動「十全腔」已經六十年,傳習弟子有三千多人,被高雄市政府指定為無形文化資產。

 

Sacred Music

  Sacred music comes from imitating ancient Chinese court music used to celebrate Confucius. It is mainly used to observe the birthday of the benefactor or during interludes between readings of the holy texts.


檀板、三音、雙音、管、笛、蕭。(圖片出處:曾嫻禎)


琵琶。(圖片出處:曾嫻禎)


羅東中山路勉民堂三恩主。
(圖片出處:勉民堂)

頭城慶安堂三恩主牌。
(圖片出處:慶安堂)

智成堂五恩主。
(圖片出處:三芝智成堂文武聖廟)

 


《詩報》為古典詩半月刊。1930年創刊於桃園。(圖片出處:賴和數位博物館)
Poetry News was a bi-monthly poetry publication established in 1930 in Taoyuan.


頭城登瀛吟社恭祝全島聯吟大會優勝彩旗。(圖片出處:喚醒堂)

 

 


美濃廣善堂的恭送聖蹟。
(圖片出處:美濃廣善堂)
Meinong Guangshan Hall’s sending off the holy word ceremony.


延續八十年文化傳承的美濃廣善堂「迎聖蹟、字紙祭」活動,每年舉辦。
(圖片出處:蘇福男)
Continuing 80 years of cultural heritage, Meinong’s Guangshan Hall holds the annual welcoming the sacred words and writing paper ceremony.

 


三級古蹟美濃鎮瀰濃庄敬字亭 。
(圖片出處:郭美芝)

    The Minong Village Jing-zih Oblation Furnace, a class three historic site located in Menong Township

 


鳳山喚善堂聖樂團。
(圖片出處:吳宗明)


李添貴老師指導林園廣應廟王媽聖樂團練習演奏。(圖片出處:林園廣應廟)


薪傳得主李添貴藝師率台灣十全腔聖樂團演出。(圖片出處:台南藝術大學)

    The Global Chinese Culture & Arts Award winner Li Tiangui leading a performance of the Taiwan Shiquanqiang Ensemble.

 

 


鱷鐸、鼓餅、叫鑼。
( 圖片出處:曾嫻禎)